13.1 Vertebrates are animals with endoskeletons.

Vocabulary: vertebrates, endoskeleton

13.1 Review
1. because they have an endoskeleton that includes vertebrae, or a backbone
2. gills, a swim bladder, a lateral line, fins, streamlined body
3. Jawless: no jaw, tube-shaped body;
Cartilaginous: skeleton made of cartilage
Bony: skeleton made of bone, scales
4. Sample Answers: similar coloration, body shapes, and similarities in behavior
5. A fish tht retained the eggs inside its body would produce fewer eggs than one that laid its eggs in water. However, eggs protected inside the parent´s body would be less vulnerable to predators.
6. Sharks are very well adapted to their environment and have been able to meet their needs without changing.

Vertebrates

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Ch. 18.1 The respiratory system

Lesson Vocabulary: respiratory system, cellular respiration
18.1 Review
1. in the respiration process, to release energy
2. Nose, throat, trachea, and bronchial tubes carry air in and out of the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. Diaphragm and ribs move to cause lungs to expand.
3. also filters air and aids in speaking, couphing, sneezing
4. Diaphragm relaxes up to its original position, pushing lungs upward. At the same time, ribs move inward, collapsing lungs inward. Air moves out of lungs through bronchial tubes into trachea, then into throat and out nose or mouth.
5. Air you inhale contains more O2 and less CO2 than air you exhale.
6. Energy is expended when you exercise; rapid breathing brings more O2 into the body, which can add more energy.

5.3 Modern genetics uses DNA technology.

Lesson Vocabulary:
selective breeding, genetic engineering

5.3 Review
1. A GM organism has had a gene from another species transferred to its DNA.
2. sequencing the 3 billion nucleotide pairs in human DNA
3. Sample answer: add nutrients to foods, produce new and better drugs, increase food production, and screen for genetic disorders
4. selective breeding- selecting parent organisms to pass on traits to offspring; genetic engineering- isolating specific DNA, inserting it into another organism; both- producing organisms with desirable traits
5. no, because the trait is now coded for in all the organism´s cells
6. Sample answer: because it comes from a more natural source, or a source more similar to that of a healthy human

Genetic Engineering

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Science Fair 2009

Science Fair 2009

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Answers to 1.2 and 18.2 Reviews

1.2 Review
1. With a light microscope you can view live specimens, but you can magnify only 1000 times.

2. A eukaryotic cell has DNA in a nucleus, and a prokaryotic cell has DNA throughout the cytoplasm.

3. chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

4. The endoplasmic reticulum uses materials from ribosomes to make proteins and cell membrane parts. Vesicles take those materials to the Golgi apparatus, which finishes processing them.

5. plant cells: chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall, animal cells: lysosome; both: eukaryotic, all the other organelles

6. light microscope; plant cell, because it has chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a central vacuole

18.2 Review
1. breaking food into small pieces; absorbing nutrients; absorbing water; processing waste products

2. bread is broken in small pieces by chewing; saliva changes starches into sugars

3. Muscles mix and mash food. Acid breaks down food.

4. An antacid deals with chemical digestion.

5. Answers should include all basic steps and structures in digestion and mention materials in the apple absorbed by intestines, and waste expelled.

6. Both absorb nutrients. The small intestine absorbs more nutrients; the large absorbs water and some nutrients, and stores waste.

2nd Period quiz 3

18.2 The Digestive System

Vocabulary: nutrient, digestion, digestive system, peristalsis

Science Fair Report Format

Biology Students: Ms. Dileysi has the specifications for the written report on her blog. Here is the link to her blog.

http://www.missdileysi7th.blogspot.com/