Ch. 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.

Vocabulary: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, organelle, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondria

Review
1. With a light microscope you can view the live specimens, but you can magnify only 1000 times.
2. A eukaryotic cell has DNA in a nucleus, and a prokaryotic cell has DNA throughout the cytoplasm.
3. chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall
4. The endoplasmic reticulum uses materials from ribosomes to make proteins and cell membrane parts. Vesicles take those materials to the Golgi apparatus, which finishes processing them.
5. plant cells: chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall; animal cells: lysosomes; both: eukaryotic, all the other organelles
6. light microscope; plant cell, because it has chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a central vacuole

Cell Structures Lesson1

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Ch. 6.3 Many types of evidence support evolution.

Vocabulary: ancestor, vestigial organ, gene

Review
1. A theory is based on observations and testing.
2. Darwin used fossil evidence to support his theory of evolution.
3. Three types of evidence are fossil evidence, biological evidence, and genetic evidence.
4. A scientific theory is based on scientific evidence. It is a widely accepted statement. It is used to predict and explain natural phenomena. Based on his research, Darwin´s theory of evolution has become a widely accepted statement.
5. The two species would most likely be related if they shared a similar sequence of bases.

Ch. 6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion

Vocabulary: fossil, mass extinction, multicellular organism, unicellular organism

Review
1. Fossils show signs of life as it existed millions of years ago.
2. Unicellular organisms contributed to Earth´s atmosphere, which did not always contain the oxygen it does now.
3. Extinction occurs when the last member of a species dies. Permian Extinction- 90% of ocean life became extinct; Cretaceous Extinction-the dinosaurs died.
4. Absolute dating tells when fossils were formed. Relative dating compares the ages of fossils. Absolute dating cannot be used on all fossils, so the two methods combined give an accurate picture.
5. Student´s timelines should show the progression of life on Earth- unicellular organisms, multicellular organisms, life inthe oceans, and the moving to land.

Fossils

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Species change over time.

Lesson Vocabulary: evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation


Lesson Review
1. Lamarck believed an individual organism passed traits on to its offspring. He lacked support for his ideas. Darwin showed how traits could be passed on by natural selection.

2. Darwin noticed that beak shapes and sizes differed among the finches. This led him to believe that the finches evolved differently.

3. Isolation stops populations from interbreeding so new species evolve.

4. The third species most likely evolved from one of the two other species. Isolated by mountains, it began to develop its own unique characteristics.

5. White fur, it will help the hare blend in, escaping predators.

Classification systems change as scientists learn more.

Lesson Vocabulary: domain, Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Archaea, Bacteria

Lesson Review

1. Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea

2. Organisms are sorted according to general traits.

3. Plantae: store DNA in nucleus of cell, use Sun´s energy and air to make suggars, cannot move from place to place, can grow upwards, around objects and turn toward light. Cell membranes have tough walls.
Animalia: get energy from consuming organisms, can move around, most have mouths and some kind of nervous systems, do not have cell walls.

4. Plants use the Sun´s energy and air to make sugars, fungi take in nutrients from their surroundings.

5. No because the organism does not have a nucleus. or
Yes, the membrane and DNA are like a nucleus.

16.3 People are working to protect ecosystems.

Vocabulary: conservation, sustainable

Review:

1. volunteer clean up, mass transit, practice sustainable farming, recycling, alternative energy sources

2. Farms can use conservation tillage and natural pest control. Strip cutting and selective cutting can maintain forests. Renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower are alternatives to fossil fuels.

3. Animals migrate; water flows from one state to the next; and pollution created in one state can travel, so the federal government needs to be involved to solve problems and set policies.

4. When efforts to protect or bring back endangered species are successful, more balance and more biodiversity are brought to the ecosystem.

14.2 Matter cycles through ecosystems

Vocabulary: cycle, water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle

Review
1. Diagrams should include precipitation, evaporation, and condensation
2. Green plants and algae remove CO2 from air. Animals get carbon from food and release carbon as CO2. The burning of fossil fuels, wood, or other organisms and decay release carbon.
3. Bacteria break down nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas. Lightning breaks apart pure nitrogen in the atmosphere.
4. Plants might grow larger or increase in numbers.
5. Both have a gaseous form. Plants make both elements available to animals. Decay returns both elements to the atmosphere.
6. Diagrams should include activity, source, and exit route.