5.3 Modern genetics uses DNA technology.

Lesson Vocabulary:
selective breeding, genetic engineering

5.3 Review
1. A GM organism has had a gene from another species transferred to its DNA.
2. sequencing the 3 billion nucleotide pairs in human DNA
3. Sample answer: add nutrients to foods, produce new and better drugs, increase food production, and screen for genetic disorders
4. selective breeding- selecting parent organisms to pass on traits to offspring; genetic engineering- isolating specific DNA, inserting it into another organism; both- producing organisms with desirable traits
5. no, because the trait is now coded for in all the organism´s cells
6. Sample answer: because it comes from a more natural source, or a source more similar to that of a healthy human

Genetic Engineering

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15.2 Organisms act in different ways.

Lesson Vocabulary:
predator, prey, competition, cooperation, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

15.2 Review
1. compete for mates, cooperate for resources
2. compete, cooperate, or form symbiotic relationships
3. Sample answer: mutualism- bee and flower; commensalism- fish and jellyfish; parasitism- tapeworms in humans
4. Sample answer: Bittersweet competes with trees for space and sunlight, and has stunted their growth.
5. In a predator-prey relationship, one species benefits and the other is harmed. Parisitism is similar, but the effect is more dramatic because the parasite relies on its host for survival.
6. Sample answer: Tropical rainforests and coral reefs have many moe species than other ecosystems; more opportunities for mutualism.

10.3 Animals are consumers.

Vocabulary: consumer, heterotroph, behavior, predator, prey, migration, hibernation

Review:

1. Animals must consume food to live.

2. digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system

3. an observable response to a stimulus

4. individual: grooming, eating, sleeping; within species: parenting, mating, herding; between species: preying, scavenging

5. Migration and hibernation are both responses to changes in seasons. Migration involves moving between locations, while hibernation involves entering a dormant state.

6. Energy is captured by a plant, then captured by a herbivore that eats the plant, then captured by a carnivore that eats the herbivore. Energy flows from plant to herbivore to carnivore.

Feeding

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10.2 Plants are producers.

Lesson Vocabulary: photosynthesis, autotroph, celluluar respiration, stimulus

Review:

1. photosynthesis; sugar and starch

2. Light: plants grow toward the light; Touch: peas have tendrils that wrap around nearby objects; Gravity: stems grow up and roots grow down.

3. Some plants produce flowers only in autumn or winter. Shortened hours of daylight cause some trees to become dormant.

4. Sample answers: Rapid life cycle gives plants a better chance to reproduce. Odors protect plants from animals that want to eat them. Plants that grow in poor soil get nutrients from insects.

5. A higher level of auxin on one side of a tendril causes the tendril to bend toward the other side.

Food Production & The Environment

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Science Fair

Hello 7th grade Biology students. This period we will be working on the Science Fair. Here are the steps of the Scientific Method and some links to help you find some interesting science fair topics. Remember that this year we want you to be creative with your topics and that they have to be based on Biology.

Science Fair Categories

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Ch. 11.1 Plants are adapted to living on land.

Vocabulary: vascular system, transpiration

Review

1. Plants are multicellular with cells that have a nucleus and a cell wall. They are producers and have a two-stage life cycle.

2. A leaf is suited for photosynthesis, having cells with many chloroplasts at its surface. Xylem brings in water. Stomata let in carbon dioxide. The cuticle keeps water in. Phloem transports sugars.

3. xylem and phloem

4. Stomata, regulate the amount of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor that enters and exits the plant.

5. Soft-stemmed plants have green stems, with cells that have chloroplasts. Woody stems are brown or grey; the cells do not have chloroplasts.

6. Plants differ in height. Some are soft-stemmed. Some are woody. They live in many different environments. Yet the basic structure is the same: roots, stems, leaves. All rely on photosynthesis to get needed energy and materials.

Ch. 2.2 Cells capture and release energy.

Lesson Vocabulary: chemical energy, glucose, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, cellular respiration

Review

1. Glucose; most cells store their energy in glucose.

2. It produces food for most organisms.

3. glucose and oxygen

4. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both produce energy, but the starting materials and the products are reversed in the two processes. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to convert energy to glucose. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water.

5. They would die. They need oxygen for cellular respiration.

6. Cellular respiration is like breathing because when you exhale, carbon dioxide and water leave your body. When you inhale, oxygen enters your body.