Quiz #1 and Quiz #3

Colegio San Patricio
2nd Period Biology Quiz #1
School Year 2010-2011


I. Fill in the blanks with a vocabulary word. 7 pts. each

1. The process through which species change over time is called:______________________

2. A (An) _______________________ is any inherited trait that gives an organism a better chance to survive in its particular environment.

3. Scientists have arranged organisms into larger groups than kingdoms called:______________________

II. List the 6 kingdoms. 4 pts. each
4. ___________________ ___________________ ____________________

___________________ ___________________ ____________________

III. Answer the following . 8 pts. each

5. If scientists discovered a unicellular organism that has a nucleus what damain would they classify it in? ___________________________


6. Multicellular organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms are classified in which kingdom? ___________________________

7. Multicellular organisms that get their energy mainly from the sun and produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis belong to which kingdom? ________________________

8. Who believed that species evolve through natural selection? ________________________




IV. List the 3 domains. Write 2 traits for each domain that are used to classify organisms into them. 8 pts. each

9. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________




2nd Period Biology Quiz #3

I. Mark the letter of the correct answer on the answer sheet. 8 pts. each.


1. A thick gelatin-like material contained within the cell membrane.
a) nucleus b) cytoplasm c) cell membrane d) cell wall


2. A protective outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane of plant cells.
a) nucleus b) cytoplasm c) cell membrane d) cell wall


3. A cell that lacks a nucleus.
a) eukaryotic cell b) prokaryotic cell c) cell membrane d) vacuole


4. A substance that an organism needs to live.
a) digestion b) digestive system c) nutrient d) liver

5. An organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll.
a) nucleus b) chloroplast c) cytoplasm d) cell wall

6. This microscope uses lenses and it can be used to study live specimens.
a) TEM b) SEM c) light microscope d) eukaryotic

7. What is a disadvantage of a light microscope?
a) it can magnify 1,000x b) it can magnify live specimens
c) it can magnify 1,000,000x d) the cell is sliced to observe it

8. The structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic materials a cell needs to reproduce and function.
a) nucleus b) cytoplasm c) cell membrane d) chloroplast

9. Which of the following does your body not need?
a) exercise b) tobacco c) carbohydrates d) proteins



II. Answer the following questions.

10. Write a definition for health.
_______________________________________________________________

11. What are some things that a healthy life style should include?
_______________________________________________________________

12. What are some of the harmful effects of drugs and alcohol?
_______________________________________________________________

Ch. 21.2 Systems in the body function to maintain health.

Vocabulary: nutrition, addiction
Review:
1. Nutrients keep the body functioning properly.
2. Exercise causes deeper inhales and exhales that make the heart and muscles of the respiratory system stronger.
3. tobacco- damages respiratory and circulatory systems, high risk of cancer and heart disease; alcohol- damages liver, heart, nervous, and digestive systems; drugs- damage the nervous system and can cause heart and lungs to stop
4. Answers should include a relaxing lifestyle, good nutrition, exercise, and avoiding harmful drugs.
5. Nutrients are sources of energy for the body. A person needs enough water each day to keep body systems functioning.
6. This diet would cause poor health. A diet should contain about 10 to 15 percent fats.

Ch. 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell.

Vocabulary: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cell, organelle, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondria

Review
1. With a light microscope you can view the live specimens, but you can magnify only 1000 times.
2. A eukaryotic cell has DNA in a nucleus, and a prokaryotic cell has DNA throughout the cytoplasm.
3. chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall
4. The endoplasmic reticulum uses materials from ribosomes to make proteins and cell membrane parts. Vesicles take those materials to the Golgi apparatus, which finishes processing them.
5. plant cells: chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall; animal cells: lysosomes; both: eukaryotic, all the other organelles
6. light microscope; plant cell, because it has chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a central vacuole

Cell Structures Lesson1

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Ch. 6.3 Many types of evidence support evolution.

Vocabulary: ancestor, vestigial organ, gene

Review
1. A theory is based on observations and testing.
2. Darwin used fossil evidence to support his theory of evolution.
3. Three types of evidence are fossil evidence, biological evidence, and genetic evidence.
4. A scientific theory is based on scientific evidence. It is a widely accepted statement. It is used to predict and explain natural phenomena. Based on his research, Darwin´s theory of evolution has become a widely accepted statement.
5. The two species would most likely be related if they shared a similar sequence of bases.

Ch. 6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion

Vocabulary: fossil, mass extinction, multicellular organism, unicellular organism

Review
1. Fossils show signs of life as it existed millions of years ago.
2. Unicellular organisms contributed to Earth´s atmosphere, which did not always contain the oxygen it does now.
3. Extinction occurs when the last member of a species dies. Permian Extinction- 90% of ocean life became extinct; Cretaceous Extinction-the dinosaurs died.
4. Absolute dating tells when fossils were formed. Relative dating compares the ages of fossils. Absolute dating cannot be used on all fossils, so the two methods combined give an accurate picture.
5. Student´s timelines should show the progression of life on Earth- unicellular organisms, multicellular organisms, life inthe oceans, and the moving to land.

Fossils

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Species change over time.

Lesson Vocabulary: evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation


Lesson Review
1. Lamarck believed an individual organism passed traits on to its offspring. He lacked support for his ideas. Darwin showed how traits could be passed on by natural selection.

2. Darwin noticed that beak shapes and sizes differed among the finches. This led him to believe that the finches evolved differently.

3. Isolation stops populations from interbreeding so new species evolve.

4. The third species most likely evolved from one of the two other species. Isolated by mountains, it began to develop its own unique characteristics.

5. White fur, it will help the hare blend in, escaping predators.

Classification systems change as scientists learn more.

Lesson Vocabulary: domain, Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Archaea, Bacteria

Lesson Review

1. Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea

2. Organisms are sorted according to general traits.

3. Plantae: store DNA in nucleus of cell, use Sun´s energy and air to make suggars, cannot move from place to place, can grow upwards, around objects and turn toward light. Cell membranes have tough walls.
Animalia: get energy from consuming organisms, can move around, most have mouths and some kind of nervous systems, do not have cell walls.

4. Plants use the Sun´s energy and air to make sugars, fungi take in nutrients from their surroundings.

5. No because the organism does not have a nucleus. or
Yes, the membrane and DNA are like a nucleus.

16.3 People are working to protect ecosystems.

Vocabulary: conservation, sustainable

Review:

1. volunteer clean up, mass transit, practice sustainable farming, recycling, alternative energy sources

2. Farms can use conservation tillage and natural pest control. Strip cutting and selective cutting can maintain forests. Renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower are alternatives to fossil fuels.

3. Animals migrate; water flows from one state to the next; and pollution created in one state can travel, so the federal government needs to be involved to solve problems and set policies.

4. When efforts to protect or bring back endangered species are successful, more balance and more biodiversity are brought to the ecosystem.

14.2 Matter cycles through ecosystems

Vocabulary: cycle, water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle

Review
1. Diagrams should include precipitation, evaporation, and condensation
2. Green plants and algae remove CO2 from air. Animals get carbon from food and release carbon as CO2. The burning of fossil fuels, wood, or other organisms and decay release carbon.
3. Bacteria break down nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas. Lightning breaks apart pure nitrogen in the atmosphere.
4. Plants might grow larger or increase in numbers.
5. Both have a gaseous form. Plants make both elements available to animals. Decay returns both elements to the atmosphere.
6. Diagrams should include activity, source, and exit route.

14.3 Energy flows through ecosystems

Vocabulary: producer, consumer, decompose, food chain, food web, energy pyramid

Review
1. Producers make sugars using sunlight. Consumers eat other consumers and producers. Decomposers break down dead producers and consumers.

2. Food webs show that one organism can have more than one role in an ecosystem.

3. Available energy decreases.

4. Drawing of food chain with each organism labeled.

5. Secondary consumers would disappear without having muskrats to eat. Producers would get more plentiful without the muskrats eating them.

Here is a powerpoint presentation on ecosystems.

Ecosystems

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14.1 Ecosystems support life.

Lesson Vocabulary: biology, environment, photosynthesis, respiration, system,
abiotic factor, biotic factor, ecology, ecosystem

Review:
1. Diagrams should have biotic-living, and abiotic- not living factors labeled.

2. Sample answer: Plants produce oxygen and food. Coral reefs provide shelter.

3. They determine the types and abundance of plant life.

4. For a day: would have little effect on the ecosystem; for a year: much of the plant life would disappear, and the animal life that depends on it.

5. Sample answer: biotic factors: eating plants and animals, being stung by an insect, feeding birds; abiotic factors: breathing air, drinking water, building with stone.

14.1 Ecosystems

Ch. 14.4 Biomes contain many ecosystems

Lesson Vocabulary: biome, coniferous, deciduous, ecosystem, estuary

7th grade Biology students here is the link with the video you need to watch. Please leave a comment about something that you learned or thought was interesting.

URL=http://www.kidsknowit.com/interactive-educational-movies/free-online-movies.php?movie=Biomes

Review
1. available water, temperature, soil

2. tundra:mosses, lichens; taiga: coniferous trees; desert: cacti; grassland: grasses; temperate forest: deciduous trees; tropical forest: plants grow on top of each other, vines , orchids

3. rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, estuaries, coastal ocean, open ocean, deep ocean

4. desert

5. sunlight, water depth, temperture, nutrients

6. tropical forest, desert, taiga, tundra

Ch. 16.2 Human activities affect the environment.

Lesson Vocabulary: biodiversity, pollution

Review

1. renewable: air, water, wood, crops

nonrenewable: oil, coal, minerals, metals

2. Wind can carry acid rain; chemical pollutants run off land into groundwater

3. number and variety of life forms in an ecosystem

4. Sample: Natural resources can be pollutants when they end up where they don´t beong. Example: when erosion washes soil into streams; carbon from forest fire pollutes the air.

5. Sample: low biodiversity: grass field with insects, worms; high biodiversity: a forest with variety of plant and animal life

6. Acidic water slows the growth of producers in the lake. With fewer producers and less food available, the water appears clearer because there is less life in it.

Ch. 7.2 Biologists use seven levels of classification.

You may not copy the classification of the bear. It will not count!

Vocabulary: genus binomial nomenclature, dichotomous key

Reveiw 7.2

1. the naming system that uses the genus and species of an organism

2. kindom, phylum, class, order, family,genus, species; kingdom level

3. Each question has only two choices. This eventually leads to the identification.

4. He developed systems for both naming species and organizing them into groups.

5. A dichotomous key is a series of questions with two possible answers for each question. A field guide has pictures of animals or plants. It can help determine visual similarities, but may be incomplete. A dichotomous key can help narrow down possible organisms, but maybe time consuming.

6. size, coloration, age

Ch. 7.1 Scientists develop systems for classification.

Vocabulary: evolution, ancestor, trait, classification, taxonomy

Review 7.1
1. Classification allows taxonomists to organize a lot of data so that it is easy to find and understand.
2. Taxonomists study biological relationships to discover how one species evolved as compared with another species.
3. Scientists look at DNA and compare genes of organisms.
4. Having a universal naming system allows people speaking different languages to refer to all organisms the same way.
5. a marbled godwit would have marbled feathers, wings, feet, a beak.
6. Compare physical traits, such as color, size, weight, and how they get energy; analyze bones; compare to fossils; compare DNA

Ch. 9.1 Single-celled organisms have all the characteristics of living things.

Vocabulary: matter, molecule, species, binary fission, kingdom, microorganism, virus

9.1 Review
1. very large organism: huge fungus, very small organism: single-celled bacteria
2. growth, reproduction, organization, and response to environment
3. enery, material, and living space
4. A dog is made of cells that perform specific functions. It starts as a puppy. As its cells reproduce, it grows to a full-sized dog. Male and female dogs reproduce sexually to create more puppies. Dogs bark at, run at, or run from different things they sense.
5. There is room in a lake for many billions of microscopic organisms but not for nearly as many larger organisms.
6. (Drawings will differ.)

Here is a video on Binary Fission. Please leave a comment. Make sure to write your name and group and list # so that I can check that you saw the video.

Ch. 1.1 The cell is the basic unit of a living thing.

Vocabulary Words: cell, genetic material, organism, theory, unicellular, multicellular, microscope, bacteria

Review 1.1
1. organization, growth and development, response to environment, reproduction

2. It allowed people to see cells. Before the microscope humans did not realize that life could be so small.

3. Every living thing is made of one or more cells; cells carry out the functions needed to support life; cells come only from other living cells.

4. The cell theory is widely accepted and explains observations of nature, and is supported by evidence such as Pasteur´s experiments.

5. multicellular: many cells, complex, easier to see; unicellular: one cell, cannot be seen directly; both: need energy, materials, and living space

6. In Pasteur´s experiment, bacteria did not grow spontaneously. They came from the environment, which indicates that cells come from other cells.

WELCOME BACK TO SCHOOL

Welcome 7th Grade Students to Ms. Silvia´s Biology blog. Here you will be able to see the lessons that we are working on in class. The vocabulary and answers to the reviews will be posted here. You will also be able to see exciting videos and power point presentations.



Here is the list of your obligations in Biology class.

1. Respect and discipline are a must for a safe learning environment.
2. Students must be in the classroom when the teacher enters. Any student that arrives late to class must have a written notice from a teacher to be able to enter.
3. Shirts must be tucked in at all times.
4. Students must always speak English.
5. Books and notebooks must be kept in good condition.
6. Use blue or black pen to write in notebooks and to answer quizzes. You may answer questions in your notebook in pencil so that you can make corrections.
7. Homework should be turned in on time. The consecuence for not doing so is a zero.
8. Your work must be done with correct spelling and good penmanship.
9. Your notebook is an important study tool so make sure that it is always complete.
10. Participation is necessary and mandatory.
11. Quizzes must be pasted in notebook and signed by parent. Points will be taken off if not done so.

Ch. 11.4 Many plants reproduce with flowers and fruit.

Vocabulary: angiosperm, flower, fruit

Review:
1. Ovary of flower becomes fruit.
2. Some animals feed on nectar, carrying pollen from flower to flower. Others eat fruit and disperse seeds as waste.
3. Sample answers: oxygen, food, material, coal and gas, wood, paper, fabric, medecine
4. flowering plants because insects feed on nectar and fruit
5. Upper part of pistil becomes stem, fertilized eggs become seeds, ovary becomes fruit.

Ch. 20.3 The reproductive system allows the production of offspring..

Vocabulary: menstruation, fertilization, embryo, fetus

Review:
1. male: makes sperm cells; female: makes egg cells; nourishes offspring until birth
2. Hormone stimulates eggs in ovary to develop. Hormone signals egg to move through fallopian tube to uterus.
3. Embryo is ball of cells; fetus has beginnings of features, organs, and skeleton.
4. Fertilized egg moves down fallopian tube; it divides and continues as a ball of cells; forms an embryo; embryo implants in uterus.
5. signal cells in testes to develop into sperm; signal ovaries to release eggs
6. Hormones from endocrine system signal sexual development. In females, hormones make egg develop and make ovary release it.

Ch. 4.3 Meiosis is a special form of cell division.

Vocabulary: gamete, egg, sperm, fertilization, meiosis.

Review:
1. A gamete (haploid)
2. A sperm and an egg combine to form a new cell.
3. Meiosis produces 4 1n gametes instead of 2 2n cells. It involves 2 divisions after DNA is copied, rather than 1 division after DNA is copied.
4. ProphaseI: one cell contains twice usual number of chromosomes for species; prophase II; two cells each with two copies of one homolog of each chromosome pair.
5. Meiosis: produces 4 1n cells, 2 divisions; mitosis: produces 2 2n cells, one division; both: DNA copied, chromosomes divide, new cells form.
6. One cell divides twice, so one cell produces four. The cells are 1n because DNA was only copied only once.

4.1 and 4.2

4.1 Living things inherit traits in patterns.

Vocabulary: sexual reproduction, gene, heredity, allele, phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive

Review:

1. Acquired traits are not determined by genes; inherited traits are.

2. Inherited traits are controlled by two factors, and one factor can mask another.

3. recessive

4. Genotype desribes the genes that code for traits; phenotype desribes the traits that are expressed.

5. If a person has one recessive and one dominant allele, the dominant allele will be expressed. So a person can have a recessive allele and it will not show in the phenotype.

6. Brown; the parents must both carry two recessive genes for brown fur, otherwise a single dominant black allele makes them black.

4.2 Patterns of heredity can be predicted.

Vocabulary: Punnette square, ratio, probability, percentage

Review:

1. They show how the parent´s alleles may be passed on to offspring.

2. Ratios compare one number to another number. A percentage is a ratio that compares a number to 100.

3. Determine each possible outcome. Represent it as a ratio in fraction form. Multiply by 100 to find the percentage.

4. Two blocks have one recessive and one dominant allele. One block has two dominant alleles, and one block has two recessive alleles. The chance for each possible outome is 75 perent purple and 25 percent for white.

5. The probability is 25 percent. Two blocks will show one recessive and one dominant allele. One block will show two dominant alleles. One block will show two recessive alleles.

3.3 Both sexual and asexual reproduction involve cell division.

Vocabulary: asexual reproduction, binary fission, regeneration
Review:
1. They are the same in prokaryotes.
2. A bud is a bump on the body of a parent that grows until it forms a new organism genetically identical to the parent. In some organisms buds can form anywhere, but in other organisms, buds form at specific places with specialized cells.
3. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent, has a rapid rate, and produces identical offspring. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring that have genetic material from both parents.
4. No, because regeneration only happens in multicellular organisms, and prokaryotes are unicellular.
5. Eukaryotic organisms do not undergo binary fission.
6. The offspring would hve more genetic variation.

Mitosis Video

3.2 Cell division is part of a cell cycle.

Mitosis Silviasalas

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Vocabulary: cell cycle, interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Review:

1. interphase and cell division

2. two complete sets of DNA, twice the size of when it was first formed

3. They are identical.

4. Chromosomes form (prophase), chromosomes line up (metaphase), chromosomes separate (anaphase), nuclei form (telophase).

5. In both plant and animal cells, cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. In plant cells a cell plate forms and becomes a new cell wall and cell membrane. In animal cells, the cell membrane pulls inward and pinches into two new cells.

6. Yes, because cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, and prokaryotes have cytoplasm to divide.

3.1 Cell division occurs in all organisms.

Vocabulary: DNA, chromosome

Review:

1. It leads to growth, development, and repair.

2. It condenses and forms chromosomes.

3. Cells divide to make more cells, which allow multicellular organisms to grow. As cells divide, they can specialize.

4. It wraps in coils around proteins, and then compacts further as it arranges into chromosomes.

5. Skin cells wear out quickly, so they duplicate frequently. Brain cells usually last a long time and do not replace themselves often. Skin heals faster because its cells are better equipped to replace themselves.

13.3 Birds meet their needs on land, in water, and in the air.

Vocabulary: endotherm, incubation

13.3 Review
1. Endotherms need to consume food to produce body heat.
2. Down feathers provide insulation. Contour feathers protect the body.
3. feathers; fused and hollow bones, air sacs, crop and gizzard, keen sight and hearing
4. Both birds and reptiles lay eggs with shells. Bird eggs have hard shells while the shells of reptiles´ eggs are flexible. Most reptiles do not incubate their eggs.
5. Flight requires a great deal of energy. If food was plentiful and there was little threat of predation, the birds may no need to fly.

Birdsnotes1

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13.2 Amphibians and reptiles are adapted for life on land.

Vocabulary: amphibian, reptile, ectotherm

13.2 Reveiw
1. limbs, lungs, sensory organs adapted for land
2. born with lungs, eggs have shells
3. Its body temperature should go down. The water will cool its body.
4. Diagrams should include adaptations, methods of reproduction, and how animals obtain oxygen.
5. Sample answer: a more streamlined body in sea turtle, webbing on feet of sea turtle, better underwater eyesight and other senses, and more lung capacity in sea turtle
6. Answers should include how environmental factors affect survival rates.

13.1 Vertebrates are animals with endoskeletons.

Vocabulary: vertebrates, endoskeleton

13.1 Review
1. because they have an endoskeleton that includes vertebrae, or a backbone
2. gills, a swim bladder, a lateral line, fins, streamlined body
3. Jawless: no jaw, tube-shaped body;
Cartilaginous: skeleton made of cartilage
Bony: skeleton made of bone, scales
4. Sample Answers: similar coloration, body shapes, and similarities in behavior
5. A fish tht retained the eggs inside its body would produce fewer eggs than one that laid its eggs in water. However, eggs protected inside the parent´s body would be less vulnerable to predators.
6. Sharks are very well adapted to their environment and have been able to meet their needs without changing.

Vertebrates

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Ch. 18.1 The respiratory system

Lesson Vocabulary: respiratory system, cellular respiration
18.1 Review
1. in the respiration process, to release energy
2. Nose, throat, trachea, and bronchial tubes carry air in and out of the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. Diaphragm and ribs move to cause lungs to expand.
3. also filters air and aids in speaking, couphing, sneezing
4. Diaphragm relaxes up to its original position, pushing lungs upward. At the same time, ribs move inward, collapsing lungs inward. Air moves out of lungs through bronchial tubes into trachea, then into throat and out nose or mouth.
5. Air you inhale contains more O2 and less CO2 than air you exhale.
6. Energy is expended when you exercise; rapid breathing brings more O2 into the body, which can add more energy.

5.3 Modern genetics uses DNA technology.

Lesson Vocabulary:
selective breeding, genetic engineering

5.3 Review
1. A GM organism has had a gene from another species transferred to its DNA.
2. sequencing the 3 billion nucleotide pairs in human DNA
3. Sample answer: add nutrients to foods, produce new and better drugs, increase food production, and screen for genetic disorders
4. selective breeding- selecting parent organisms to pass on traits to offspring; genetic engineering- isolating specific DNA, inserting it into another organism; both- producing organisms with desirable traits
5. no, because the trait is now coded for in all the organism´s cells
6. Sample answer: because it comes from a more natural source, or a source more similar to that of a healthy human

Genetic Engineering

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