Species change over time.

Lesson Vocabulary: evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation


Lesson Review
1. Lamarck believed an individual organism passed traits on to its offspring. He lacked support for his ideas. Darwin showed how traits could be passed on by natural selection.

2. Darwin noticed that beak shapes and sizes differed among the finches. This led him to believe that the finches evolved differently.

3. Isolation stops populations from interbreeding so new species evolve.

4. The third species most likely evolved from one of the two other species. Isolated by mountains, it began to develop its own unique characteristics.

5. White fur, it will help the hare blend in, escaping predators.

Classification systems change as scientists learn more.

Lesson Vocabulary: domain, Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Archaea, Bacteria

Lesson Review

1. Plantae, Animalia, Protista, Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea

2. Organisms are sorted according to general traits.

3. Plantae: store DNA in nucleus of cell, use Sun´s energy and air to make suggars, cannot move from place to place, can grow upwards, around objects and turn toward light. Cell membranes have tough walls.
Animalia: get energy from consuming organisms, can move around, most have mouths and some kind of nervous systems, do not have cell walls.

4. Plants use the Sun´s energy and air to make sugars, fungi take in nutrients from their surroundings.

5. No because the organism does not have a nucleus. or
Yes, the membrane and DNA are like a nucleus.

16.3 People are working to protect ecosystems.

Vocabulary: conservation, sustainable

Review:

1. volunteer clean up, mass transit, practice sustainable farming, recycling, alternative energy sources

2. Farms can use conservation tillage and natural pest control. Strip cutting and selective cutting can maintain forests. Renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower are alternatives to fossil fuels.

3. Animals migrate; water flows from one state to the next; and pollution created in one state can travel, so the federal government needs to be involved to solve problems and set policies.

4. When efforts to protect or bring back endangered species are successful, more balance and more biodiversity are brought to the ecosystem.

14.2 Matter cycles through ecosystems

Vocabulary: cycle, water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle

Review
1. Diagrams should include precipitation, evaporation, and condensation
2. Green plants and algae remove CO2 from air. Animals get carbon from food and release carbon as CO2. The burning of fossil fuels, wood, or other organisms and decay release carbon.
3. Bacteria break down nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas. Lightning breaks apart pure nitrogen in the atmosphere.
4. Plants might grow larger or increase in numbers.
5. Both have a gaseous form. Plants make both elements available to animals. Decay returns both elements to the atmosphere.
6. Diagrams should include activity, source, and exit route.